Diagnosis of Cancer and Related Nursing Considerations

A cancer diagnosis is based on assessment for physiologic and functional changes and results of the diagnostic evaluation. Patients with suspected cancer undergo extensive testing to

(1) determine the presence of tumor and its extent,
(2) identify possible spread (metastasis) of disease or invasion of other body tissues,
(3) evaluate the function of involved and uninvolved body systems and organs, and
(4) obtain tissue and cells for analysis, including evaluation of tumor stage and grade.

The diagnostic evaluation is guided by information obtained through a complete history and physical examination. Knowledge of suspicious symptoms and of the behavior of particular types of cancer assists in determining which diagnostic tests are most appropriate . 

A patient undergoing extensive testing is usually fearful of the procedures and anxious about the possible test results. The nurse can help relieve fear and anxiety by explaining the tests to be performed, the sensations likely to be experienced, and the patient’s role in the test procedures. The nurse encourages the patient and family to voice their fears about the test results, supports the patient and family throughout the test period, and reinforces and clarifies information conveyed by the physician. The nurse also encourages the patient and family members to communicate and share their concerns and to discuss their questions and concerns with each other. (Medical and Surgical Nursing; Brunner & Suddarth10th Edition)

Posted in: Brunner,Cancer